Copyholder



' April 28, 1942 N. nouns COPY HOLDER Filed Nov. 20, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheetl April 28,

N. moons 2,280,772 COPY HOLDER Filed NOV. 20, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet 2M57011; fiodals" amend M v April 28, 1942.

N. oons COPY HOLDER 5 Sheets-611%: 3

1 Filed Nev. 20, 1940 w Myezaifiodds Patented Apr. 28, 1942 COPYHOLDERNugent Dodds, Washington,'D.'C., assignor to Aifred M. Houghton,Washington, D. 0.

Application NovemberZO, 1940, Serial No. 366,486-

8 Claims.

This invention relates to copy holders and more particularly to devicesof that character in which succeeding lines of written text material aresuccessively designated in a step-by-step manner for accurate reading bya copyist.

While there are a variety of known copy holdersso constructed as to besubject to manipulation by an operator to present a selected line ofwritten material in reading position, those which have enjoyed thewidest commercial acceptance are characterized by a constructionincluding two members; one of which serves to support the copy, whilethe other includes some line designating means. In such a machine, it iscustomary for one of the members to be held stationary, while the otheris arranged for movement in a step-by-step manner to bring succeedinglines of copy into registry.

It is evident that, regardless of which one of the relatively movablemembers is actuated, the position thereof should, at all times, becompletely under the control of the operator so as to insure accuratedesignation of any selected line of copy which, of course, willfacilitate accurate reading of the material being copied. There aremachine with which the copy holder will be cus-- tomarily associated.

It will be noted that each of the above control factors are incident tothe operation of the machine in copy supporting position. However,

since in the usual construction of a copy holder the relatively movablemembers mutually telescope, and since most copy holders are portable,that is, bodily movable, it is desirable that the control over theposition of the movable member be continuous, regardless of whether ornot the 1 machine is in operation or whether it is being moved fromplace to place. Otherwise, the telescoping members might becomedisengaged as a result of handling in the course of transportationthereby rendering the re-assembly of the machine necessary before it canbe used again.

The necessity for maintaining control over the movable member at alltimes when the machine is not in operation is of special advantage insome types of copy holders which have been recently .1.

developed. One such machine, disclosed in Dodds Patent 2,976,443, isadapted for specific use in conjunction with a typewriter. Copy isnormally held in reading position rearwardly of, but above, thetypewriter. The copy holder disclosed is intended for permanentinstallationon a typewriter desk and, as a consequence, means areprovided whereby both the copy support and the line designating guide,as a unit, may be folded to a position rearwardly of the typewriter, butbelow the upperedge thereof, so that both-the typewriter and thecopyholder may be used in conjunction with a folding-type desk 'or maybe protected by a dust cover of ordinary construction.

Since, in the patented device, both of the relatively movable membersare moved as a unit from a vertical operative to a horizontalinoperative position, and since during such movement they may becomeextended to a degree which may prevent folding of .thedesk, it isevident that control over the movable member when the machine is ininoperative position may contribute considerably to the'convenience ofthe operator in taking advantage of the folding construction.

It is therefore anobject of this invention to overcome all of theforegoing disadvantages and to provide a copy holder including a movablemember, the position of which is under the control of the operator atall times, regardless of whether the machine is in operative orinoperative position, and regardless of whether or not it is in astationary position or being moved about.

By this invention, it is contemplated that the movable member of a copyholder may be adjusted to different amplitudes of movement, will respondaccurately to the adjustment and will maintain any adjusted positionagainst all vibrations incident. to use in conjunction with copyingapparatus.

It is a further object-of this invention to auto iatically lock themovable member of a copy holder against disengagement from its supportduring transportationor incident to movement from an operative to aninoperative position.

Other objects and advantages of this invention will be apparentfrom aconsideration of the following detailed description of a preferredembodiment thereof in conjunction with the annexed drawings wherein:

Figure 1 is a view in front elevation of a copy holder of the type whichmay be moved from a vertical operative to a horizontal inoperativepositi'cn showing, in released position, a locking dog for holding themovable copy support in retracted position;

Figure 2 is a detail view of the locking dog shown in Figure 1 whenbiased to locking in released Figure 6 is a detail view similar toFigure 5 but showing the lifting bar in gripping position;

Figure 7 is a detail view similar to Figure 5 but showing both crampingbars in released position;

Figure 8 is a perspective view showing the construction of the liftingbar;

Figure 9 is a perspective view showing the construction of the holdingbar;

Figure 10 is a perspective view of the bar through which the crampingbars are operated.

Referring to the drawings in further detail, it will be seen that thecopy holder of Figures 1, 3 and 4 is'of the type shown in Patent2,076,448 and is adapted for permanent attachment together with atypewriter to the moving panel of a folding desk.

The copy holder comprises a base ID, a vertical standard II and a copysupport I2 mounted for vertical sliding movement on the standard.

Base III consists of a flat portion, adapted to rest on a supportingplatform preferably with its forward edge disposed beneath the rear legsof a typewriter, not shown, and a vertically disposed plate I3. Plate I3is adapted, when the fiat portion of base I is disposed beneath atypewriter, to extend vertically in spaced relation to the rear thereof,and it is to this plate that standard II is attached.

Standard ll consists of a rear plate It having channel guides I5 alongits vertical edges, a bottom plate I6 and a top plate II. An auxiliaryplate I8 is attached to the rear face of plate I4 at I9 and 20, plate I8being positioned parallel to but spaced from plate I4. The spacingbetween plates l4 and I8 is sufficient to accommodate the head of a bolt2| which passes through and serves to join plate I8 to vertical plateI3. Thus, standard II is supported on base II] by attachment of membersI8 and I3.

When standard II and copy support I2 carried thereby are as a unit invertical operative position, as shown in Figure 1, bottom I6 of standardII rests on the flat portion of base I0 forward of plate l3 while theedge of said bottom is slipped under gripping members 22, which mayconveniently be stamped from base II]. In order to hold the standard inthis position, a U-bar 23 is employed. This bar comprises a shank 24serving as a handle, a shank 25 and a transverse shaft mounted forrocking movement in a barrel 2'6 attached at 21 to the rear face ofplate I3. In the position shown in Figures 3 and 4, shank 25 acts as acam to urge the entire standard in a direction away from plate I3 sothat the forward edge of bottom I6 is held under and in engagement withgripping members 22. Movement of U-bar 23 in the direction of the arrowin Figure 3 will release the standard II and copy support I2 carriedthereby. This release is effected so that the standard and support as aunit may be moved to a horizontal position lying below the upper edge ofa typewriter in a manner to be herein- 28 of copy support I2 and a pairof L-shaped' and are adapted to fit thereover to permit relative slidingmovement between members II and According to the construction shown,standard II is held stationary while copy support I2 is moved withrespect thereto. As a consequence, a copy gripper is associated withcopy support I2 while a line designating guide is attached to standardII.

The copy gripper comprises primarily a flat bar 3i extending for thefull width of front plate flat strips 32, one shank of which extendsupwardly from either end of flat bar 3I, while the other shank extendsrearwardly across the top 30 of a copy support I2 in a plane at rightangles to the plane of bar 3|.

Strips 32, at their ends remote from bar 3|, are connected by a barrel33 which includes two downwardly projecting tabs 234. Each tab 34 isattached to a leaf spring 35 which in turn is attached at its other end36 to the rear face of plate 28. Springs 35 are so adjusted that theynormally tend to hold bar BI against the front face of plate 28. It willbe understood that in constructing the copy gripper bar 3I, strips 32,barrel 33 and tabs fi l may be stamped from a blank and may thereafterbe bent into the form shown in Figure 3. The fiat surface of bar 3|which faces the front of plate I3 is provided with a continuous strip ofresilient gripping material 31 which conveniently may be made of spongerubber. A thumb rest 36 is attached to the center of top Wall 36 ofmember I2.

Barrel 33 has detachably received therein one shank of a U-bar 39. Thisbar is mounted for pivotal movement about barrel 33 as an axis, the freeshank extending rearwardly of plate I4 of standard II.

When copy is to be held on supporting member 52 in reading position, theoperator may grasp barrel 33 and thumb grip 33 with his fingers andforce them toward one another. This will result in compression ofsprings 35 and the forward movement of strips 32 and bar 3| carriedthereby. Thus, bar EI will be moved away from the face of plate 2%. Oncegripping strip 37 and the front face of plate I3 are spaced apartsufiiciently to accommodate a sheet or sheets of copy therebetween, suchcopy is inserted and an edge thereof is pushed up until it comes to restagainst the lower surface of the shanks of strips 52 which are at rightangles to the long axis of the plate 23 and hence to the paper heldthereagainst. These shanks of strips 32 serve to align the paper on thesupporting member I 2 for the reason that they lie in a plane parallelto its top 30. Once the paper is in position, thumb grip 38 and barrel33 are released. Springs 35 then move to normal position (as shown inFigure 3) thereby compressing the sheet or sheets of copy betweengripping strip 3'? and the front face ofplate 28. Since gripping strip31 is continuous for the full length of bar 3i, the copy will be heldfirmly in aligned position during the ordinary manipulation of the copyholder.

If material is to be copied from a sheet of a bound volume, such as astenographers notebook, the top edge of bar 3| is used as a sight lineto align the copy while pages not in use may be thrown back over top 3tand held against back plate M of standard I I' by the free arm ofU-rnember 39. Since U-member 39 is mounted for pivotal movement inbarrel 33, the distance of the free arm thereof from plate i4 maybeadjusted to accommodate any number of sheets up to a cumulativethickness equal to the length of the radial arm of the U-member.

Since the material to be copied is held between gripping strip 37 andthe front plate 26 of the copy supporting member, it will hangdownwardly parallel to the front face of plate 28. In order to designatea particular line to be read, a line designating guide 49, is employed.Guide M is mounted to extend across the face of plate 38 in spacedrelation with respect thereto. Guide 49 consists of a flat strip havinga barrel along one of its long edges. One shank of a U- bar M is mountedin this barrel while the other shank is pivotally mounted in a barrel 42attached at 43 to the rear face of plate M of the supporting standard.When copy is being attached to the copy support plate l2 and it isdesirable to have line designating guide 46 out of the way, U-bar 4! ismoved about its axis in barrel 42 until the radial arm thereof issubstantially at right angles to the long axis of plate 28. This willleave ample space between plate 28 and the line designating guide topermit easy adjustment of the paper in the manner heretofore described.

As has been stated, the copy holding member i2 is mounted for movementon standard H.

The purpose of this movement is to lift the copy held against plate 26so that successive lines thereof may be presented to the linedesignating guide 4%.

The actuation of copy support i2 is effected by manual operation of alever M which will move a U-shaped lifting bar 45 which in turn liftscramping bar t6 which acts on a rod 41 attached to copy support 12.

Operating lever M includes an arm 48 acting as a handle, a shaft 49mounted for rocking The movement of arm 58, limited by the setting ofcam 53, will be imparted to driven arm 52 through shaft 45. Arm 52 isconnected to a shank 54 of U-shaped lifting bar 55, the shank beingprovided with a slot 55 for this purpose (see Figure It will be notedthat slot 55 has its mouth opening to the left side of shank 54 asviewed in Figure 1.

The other shank of U-shaped lifting bar 45, designated by the numeral56, is mounted for vertical reciprocating movement in two shelflikemembers 5? and 58 attached at 59 and 65!, respectively, to rear plate Mof standard H. Each of the members 5'! and 58 is provided with arectangular slot 6! and filo, respectively, adapted to receive shank 56.Both slots are of a length in excess of the width of shank 56 and theslot 8| in member 5'! is open at one end (see Figure 4).

From the construction thus far described, it will be seen that downwardmovement of arm 48 of operating lever 44 will cause upward movement ofdriven arm 52 and that this upward movement will be imparted to u barthrough the top edge of slot in shank 54. Since U-bar 45 is of unitaryconstruction, movement of shank 54 thereof will also result in movementof shank 56. This shank, acting through cramping bar 46, will lift copysupport i2 through lifting rod 41 attached thereto.

Referring now to Figures 5 to 10, inclusive, it will be observed thatcramping bar 46 is provided with a rectangular aperture 62 at one endthereof and at the other end with a round aperture 63. Aperture 62 isintended to receive a neck of reduced width 64, formed near the free endof shank 56, as shown in Figure 1, while aperture 63 looselyaccommodates lifting rod 47. Apertures 62 and 63 are spaced apart adistance such that the edge of aperture 62 nearest aperture 63 will beheld closely against neck 64. Above neck 64, shank 56 widens to form aportion 65 which extends in the direction of rod 41 in a position abovecramping bar 46. The fiat under surface of this portion extends at aright angle to neck 64. Thus, cramping bar 46 is pivotally attached toneck 64 of shank and clockwise movement thereof is limited by rod Al, ascan be seen in Figure 6, while counterclockwise movement is limited byportion 65 in the manner shown in Figure '7.

Another cramping bar 66, shown in Figure 9, is associated with rod 41and shank 56 although it is attached to neither. Cramping bar 66 restson support 61 suitably attached at 68 to shelf 56. In this positionshank 55 passes freely through forked end 69 thereof while an apertureit) freely accommodates rod 41. Since bar 66 is mounted for rockingmovement about support 6? and since most of its weight is on the rightside of the point of support as viewed in Figures 5 to 3, inclusive, itsnormal position is that shown in Figure 5. Forked end 66 of cramping bar56 is bent upwardly so that straightening of bar as through portion 65will be imparted thereto (see Figure '7) The lifting rod 41 on whichcramping bars 46 and 66 act is provided with a threaded end if ofreduced diameter. This end is passed through a suitable aperture in top36 of copy support if, while connection is effected by a nut 12. On theunder side of top 36, a resilient sleeve '53 surrounds the rod. Whilethe copy support i2 is guided by the coaction of guides 25 and 25, acylinder I4 is provided for the reception of rod ll. This cylinder issuitably attached to shelf 58 and bottom plate lEand serves to receivethe free end of rod 4'! which passes through a suitable opening in shelf53.

It has been explained that shank 56 may be caused to move upwardly byoperation of lever 44. When this lever is released, shank 55 is returnedto normal position by a spring i5 extending from shelf 5?. Normalposition for shank 55 is determined by a leaf spring '76 which isattached at one end to bottom plate it with its free end underlying thetransverse portion of U-bar E5 and serving to space the same from bottomI 6.

When the copy holder is to be operated, copy is attached to support 12in the manner heretofore described. Cam 53 is adjusted to limit themovement of lever M. At the start of operation, both cramping bars arein their normal position (see Figure 5) If operating lever M is nowpressed down, the motion thereof will be transmitted in the mannerheretofore explained to shank 56 of U-shaped lifting bar 2-5. Because ofits weight, supported only from the end having aperture 62 therein,cramping bar it will be biased in the position of Figure 5. In thatposition the axis of aperture 6;} is at an angle to axis of rod 47 sothat the defining edges of the aperture frictionally engage the rod.Thus, the upward movement of shank 55 will be imparted, without lostmotion, through the shoulders thereof at neck 64 to rod 41 which willlift copy support l2, thus bringing another line of copy into registrywith line guide 40. Before lever 44 is operated, cramping bar 65 is alsoin the position of Figure 5, that is, gripping the rod 41. Upon upwardmovement of the rod, however, by action of cramping bar 46, bar 66 willbe lifted by rod 4! to release position. This occurs by pivotal movementaround support the forked end 69 being free.

When operating lever 44 is released, spring immediately returns U-bar 45to normal position resting on spring 16. As this happens, cramping bar65, which has been only slightly straightened by the upward movement ofrod 41, immediately falls to gripping position as shown in Figure 5.During the downward movement of shank 56, portion 65 keeps bar 45 inrelease position but once the downward movement ceases, bar 46 alsofalls to the Figure 5 position and is again ready to lift rod 41 whenlever id is next operated. Meanwhile, the adjusted position iscontinuously maintained by cramping bar 66.

It will be seen that if the foregoing procedure were repeated enoughtimes, copy support l2 might be entirely separated from standard H. Toprevent this a locking dog Tl is pivotally attached to rear plate I 4 ofstandard H near the top edge thereof. A spring 18 normally urges thisdog to extended position through an aperture T9 in guide l5 and thusinto engagement with the under side of guide 29. Near the lower end ofguide 29 an aperture 83 is provided. Thus,

when copy support I2 is moved to such an extent that apertures i9 and 80are in registry, dog I? will be urged by spring 18 through both of them,thereby locking standard II and copy support 12 against further relativemovement. The dog 11 may be released manually.

When copy support [2 is to be lowered, operating lever 44 is pulledupwardly, thus causing arm 52 to move U-bar 45 downwardly below normalposition thereby compressing spring '16. The effect of this movement oncramping bars 46 and 66 is illustrated in Figure 7. Portion 65 maintainsbar 46 straight, in release position, while bar 46, acting on the endsof fork 69 pivots bar 66 to release position. Thus, when the crampingbars 46 and 66 are in the position of Figure 7, copy support l2 will notbe held by either of them and so will fall by gravity to fully retractedposition. Ihe fall is cushioned by sleeve 1.3 which will insurenoiseless operation.

In the fully retracted position of copy support l2, aperture 80 in guide29 is aligned with another aperture 8! located near the lower end ofguide 15. A double dog is pivotally mounted on back plate M in such aposition that projection 82 may pass through openings 80 and 8! to locktogether copy support 12 and standard H. A spring 83 normally biases theprojection 82 to this position. Another projection 84 extends through anopening 85 near the bottom of guide l5 at a point below the lower edgeof copy support l2 even in its fully retracted position. Projection 84lies in the path of handle 24 of U-bar 23 in its movement to normalposition. Thus, when standard H is locked to base It, by action of camarm 25 which forces the forward edge of bottom I5 under grippers 22,projection 84 will be engaged and retracted by handle 24. Since thedouble dog is of unitary construction, retraction of projection 84 alsoresults in retraction of projection 82 against the thrust of spring 83.As

a consequence the double dog does not serve to lock together standard Hand copy support 12 except at such times as handl 24 may be in releaseposition. Handle 24 is moved to release position only when the copysupport and standard are, as a unit, to be moved to horizontalinoperative position. Thus, projection 82 in no way interferes with thenormal operation of the copy holder, but as the device is moved tohorizontal position, the lock takes effect to prevent accidentalseparation of copy support I2 from its standard I I.

Movement of the standard and copy support to inoperative positioninvolves first releasing cam arm 25, then disengaging bottom plate [5from grippers 22 and finally moving copy support and standard, as aunit, in a counterclockwise direction to horizontal position. It will benoted that auxiliary plate 43 is provided with a generally C-shaped slotwhich guides the movement to and from horizontal position. This slotallows the left guide 29 to contact the upper surface of the flatportion of base l0 when the device is folded. In this position, the copyholder will not extend above the edge of a typewriter with which it maybe used. Return to vertical position is also guided by the slot in plate18. However, even when the bottom of standard H has been urged intocontact with grippers 22 and lock 82 has been released, the device isnot yet ready for operation. It will be seen that when slot 55 of shank54 is disengaged from arm 52 of the operating lever, the latter willfall by gravity until cam 53 touches the surface of the support for thecopy holder. This raises the end of arm 52 above the slot so that returnof standard II to vertical posi tion will cause arm 52 and shank 54 tocontact at a point above slot 55. Since arm 52 cannot be shiftedlaterally, U-shaped lifting bar 45 will pivot about slot Ma as an axisto the position shown in broken lines in Figure 1. If lever 44 is thenlifted so that arm 52 is lowered and aligned with slot 55, spring 15will move the lifting bar back to normal position.

From the foregoing, it will be seen that the operator has completecontrol of the movement of copy support [2 at all times. Either one orthe other of cramping bars 46 and 66 or dog 11 or 82 is serving toprevent undesired movement of the copy support. Of course, it is to beunderstood that the construction explained above is merely exemplary andthat many modifications thereof be within the scope and spirit of theannexed claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a copy holder including a base, mutually telescoping members, oneof said members being adapted to hold copy and the other including lineindicating means, means for moving one of said members to designate aselected line of copy, and means carried by one of said members and thebase for positioning said movable members as a unit in either a verticaloperative or horizontal inoperative position, means for locking saidmembers against relative movement in any relative position when they areas a unit in vertical operative position, means for holding said membersas a unit in vertical operative position, and means controlled by saidholding means for locking said members against relative movement whenthey are as a unit in horizontal inoperative position, whereby themovable member may be held in fixed position regardless of whether themembers are as a unit in vertical operative or horizontal inoperativeposition.

2. In a copy holder including a base, mutually telescoping members, oneof said members being adapted to hold copy and the other including lineindicating means, means for moving one of said members to designate aselected line of copy, and means carried by one of said members and thebase for positioning said movable members as a unit in either a verticaloperative or horizontal inoperative position, means for locking saidmembers against relative movement in any relative position when the twoare as a unit in vertical operative position, releasable means forholding said members as a unit in vertical operative position, and meansbrought into operation by release of said holding means for locking saidmembers in fully retracted position against relative movement when theyare as a unit in horizontal inoperative position, whereby the movablemember may be held in fixed position regardless of whether the twomembers are as a unit in vertical operative or horizontal inoperativeposition.

3. In a copy holder including a base, mutually telescoping members, oneof said members being adapted to hold copy and the other including lineindicating means, means for moving one of said members to designate aline of copy, and means carried by one of said members and the base forpositioning said movable members as a unit in either a, verticaloperative or horizontal inoperative position, means for locking saidmembers against relative telescoping movement upon full extensionthereof, means for locking said members against relative movement uponcomplete retraction thereof, and means for locking said members againstrelative movement in positions intermediate full extension and fullretraction, only when the movable members are as a unit in verticaloperative position, whereby the movable member may at all times be heldin fixed position with respect to the other member regardless of whethersaid members as a unit are extended in vertical operative or retractedin horizontal inoperative position.

4. In a, copy holder including a base, mutually telescoping members, oneof said members being adapted to hold copy and the other including lineindicating means, means for moving one of said members to designate aline of copy, and means carried by one of said members and the base forpositioning said movable members as a unit in either a verticaloperative or horizontal inoperative position, automatic means forlocking said members against relative telescoping movement upon fullextension thereof, means under the control of the operator for lockingsaid members against relative movement upon complete retraction thereof,and automatic means for locking said members against relative movementin positions intermediate full extension and full retraction only whenthe movable members are as a unit in vertical operative position,whereby the movable member may at all times be held in fixed positionwith respect to the other member regardless of whether said members as aunit are extended in vertical operative r retracted in horizontalinoperative position.

5. In a copy holder including a base, mutually telescoping members, oneof said members being adapted to hold copy and the other including lineindicating means, means for moving one of said members to designate aline of copy, and means carried by one of said members and the base forpositioning said movable members as a unit in either a verticaloperative or horizontal inoperative position, releasable means forholding said members as a unit in vertical operative position, and meansfor latching said members against relative movement, said latohing meansbeing held inoperative by said releasable means only when it is inholding position, whereby upon release of said holding means saidmembers will be locked together for movement as a unit to horizontalinoperative position.

6. In a copy holder including a base, mutually telescoping members, oneof said members being adapted to hold copy and the other including lineindicating means, means for moving one of said members to designate aline of copy, and means carried by one of said members and the base forpositioning said movable members as a unit in either a verticaloperative or horizontal inoperative position, releasable means forholding said members as a unit in vertical operative position, and meansfor latching said members against relative movement upon completeretraction, said latching means being held inoperative by saidreleasable means only when it is in holding position, whereby uponrelease of said holding means said members will be locked together formovement as a unit to horizontal inoperative position,

'7. In a copy holder including a base, mutually telescoping members, oneof said members being adapted to hold copy and the other including lineindicating means, means for moving one of said members to designate aline of copy, and means carried by one of said members and the base forpositioning said movable members as a unit in either a verticaloperative or horizontal inoperative position, releasable means forholding said members as a unit in vertical operative position, and aspring urged dog for latching said members against relative movementupon complete retraction, said latching means being held inoperative bysaid releasable means only when it is in holding position, whereby uponrelease of said holding means said members will be locked together formovement as a unit to horizontal inoperative position.

8. In a copy holder including mutually telescoping, relatively movablemembers, one adapted to hold copy and the other to designate a selectedline thereof, a lifting bar, means for moving the same longitudinally ineither direction, and a lifting rod attached to one of the telescopingmembers, a friction clutch pivotally carried by said bar and adapted toengage said rod upon upward movement of said bar to transmit the motionthereof to said rod, means on said bar for releasing said clutch upondownward movement of said bar, a second clutch underlying the first andadapted to hold said rod when said bar is not moving in eitherdirection, said second clutch including an upwardly canted bifurcatedportion between the shanks of which said lifting bar is adapted to pass,and means supporting said second clutch between its ends for rockingmovement to and from gripping position, whereby when the bar is moveddownwardly the efiect of the means for releasing said first-named clutchis transmitted therethrough to the second clutch to release the same.

NUGENT DODDS.

